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Syrian economic growth slowed to 1.8% in 2009 as the global economic crisis affected oil prices and the economies of Syria's key export partners and sources of investment. Damascus has implemented modest economic reforms in the past few years, including cutting lending interest rates, opening private banks, consolidating all of the multiple exchange rates, raising prices on some subsidized items, most notably gasoline and cement, and establishing the Damascus Stock Exchange - which was set to begin operations in 2009. In addition, President ASAD signed legislative decrees to encourage corporate ownership reform, and to allow the Central Bank to issue Treasury bills and bonds for government debt. Nevertheless, the economy remains highly controlled by the government. Long-run economic constraints include declining oil production, high unemployment, rising budget deficits, and increasing pressure on water supplies caused by heavy use in agriculture, rapid population growth, industrial expansion, and water pollution.
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$101 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 67
$96.17 billion (2008 est.)
$92.2 billion (2007 est.)
note:
data are in 2009 US dollars
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$52.52 billion (2009 est.)
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5% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
4.3% (2008 est.)
5.7% (2007 est.)
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$4,600 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 149
$4,500 (2008 est.)
$4,500 (2007 est.)
note:
data are in 2009 US dollars
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agriculture: 17.7%
industry:
26.5%
services:
55.9% (2009 est.)
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5.382 million (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 70
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agriculture: 17%
industry:
16%
services:
67% (2008 est.)
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8.5% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 97
10.9% (2008 est.)
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11.9% (2006 est.)
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%:
NA%
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17.8% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 116
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revenues: $11.4 billion
expenditures:
$14.27 billion (2009 est.)
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31.9% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
22% of GDP (2008 est.)
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2.6% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
15.7% (2008 est.)
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NA% (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 101
5% (31 December 2007)
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NA%
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$73.54 billion (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 20
$15.21 billion (31 December 2007)
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$73.93 billion (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 30
$12.29 billion (31 December 2007)
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$84.31 billion (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 45
$15.19 billion (31 December 2007)
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$NA
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wheat, barley, cotton, lentils, chickpeas, olives, sugar beets; beef, mutton, eggs, poultry, milk
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petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining, cement, oil seeds crushing, car assembly
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-0.6% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 74
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36.5 billion kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 58
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27.35 billion kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
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0 kWh (2008 est.)
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1.4 billion kWh (2007)
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400,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
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252,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50
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155,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 56
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58,710 bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81
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2.5 billion bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
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6.04 billion cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 47
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6.18 billion cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 56
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 114
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140 million cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 65
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240.7 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
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-$326 million (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99
$66 million (2008 est.)
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$11.76 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 77
$15.33 billion (2008 est.)
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crude oil, minerals, petroleum products, fruits and vegetables, cotton fiber, textiles, clothing, meat and live animals, wheat
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Iraq 30.22%, Lebanon 12.21%, Germany 8.89%, Egypt 6.8%, Saudi Arabia 5.04%, Italy 4.55% (2009)
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$13.34 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
$16.11 billion (2008 est.)
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machinery and transport equipment, electric power machinery, food and livestock, metal and metal products, chemicals and chemical products, plastics, yarn, paper
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Saudi Arabia 10.1%, China 9.95%, Turkey 6.97%, Egypt 6.44%, UAE 4.97%, Italy 4.93%, Russia 4.92%, Germany 4.38%, Lebanon 4.12% (2009)
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$6.328 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
$6.205 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
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$7.621 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 89
$7.167 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
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Syrian pounds (SYP) per US dollar - 46.8599 (2009), 46.5281 (2008), 50.0085 (2007), 51.689 (2006), 50 (2005)
note:
data for 2004-06 are the public sector rate; data for 2002-03 are the parallel market rate in 'Amman and Beirut; the official rate for repaying loans was 11.25 Syrian pounds per US dollars during 2004-06,
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