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Rwanda is a poor rural country with about 90% of the population engaged in (mainly subsistence) agriculture and some mineral and agro-processing. In 2008, minerals overtook coffee and tea as Rwanda's primary foreign exchange earner. The 1994 genocide decimated Rwanda's fragile economic base, severely impoverished the population, particularly women, and temporarily stalled the country's ability to attract private and external investment. However, Rwanda has made substantial progress in stabilizing and rehabilitating its economy to pre-1994 levels. GDP has rebounded and inflation has been curbed. Nonetheless, a majority still live below the poverty line of 250 Rwandan francs per day (about US$0.43). Despite Rwanda's fertile ecosystem, food production often does not keep pace with demand, requiring food imports. Rwanda continues to receive substantial aid money and obtained IMF-World Bank Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) initiative debt relief in 2005-06. Rwanda also received a Millennium Challenge Account Compact in 2008. Africa's most densely populated country is trying to overcome the limitations of its small, landlocked economy by leveraging regional trade. Rwanda joined the East African Community and is aligning its budget, trade, and immigration policies with its regional partners. The government has embraced an expansionary fiscal policy to reduce poverty by improving education, infrastructure, and foreign and domestic investment and pursuing market-oriented reforms, although energy shortages, instability in neighboring states, and lack of adequate transportation linkages to other countries continue to handicap growth. The global downturn hurt export demand and tourism while poor rains this year have lowered growth in agriculture.
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$11.02 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 145
$10.55 billion (2008 est.)
$9.486 billion (2007 est.)
note:
data are in 2009 US dollars
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$5.245 billion (2009 est.)
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4.5% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 39
11.2% (2008 est.)
6% (2007 est.)
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$1,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 212
$1,000 (2008 est.)
$900 (2007 est.)
note:
data are in 2009 US dollars
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agriculture: 41.7%
industry:
14.1%
services:
44.2% (2009 est.)
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4.446 million (2007)
country comparison to the world: 79
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agriculture: 90%
industry and services:
10% (2000)
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NA%
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60% (2001 est.)
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lowest 10%: 2.1%
highest 10%:
38.2% (2000)
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46.8 (2000)
country comparison to the world: 35
28.9 (1985)
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19.7% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 100
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revenues: $1.263 billion
expenditures:
$1.392 billion (2009 est.)
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10.4% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 195
15.4% (2008 est.)
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11.25% (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 22
12.5% (31 December 2007)
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16.51% (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 42
15.84% (31 December 2007)
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$233.6 million (31 December 2005)
country comparison to the world: 142
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$227.4 million (31 December 2005)
country comparison to the world: 146
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$NA (31 December 2008)
$209.2 million (31 December 2005)
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$NA
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coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), bananas, beans, sorghum, potatoes; livestock
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cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes
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7% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 12
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120 million kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 186
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231.6 million kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 175
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10 million kWh (2007)
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130 million kWh (2007 est.)
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0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 140
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6,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 162
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0 bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 182
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5,623 bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 154
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0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 140
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 160
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 143
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56.63 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
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-$387 million (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 105
-$252 million (2008 est.)
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$191 million (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 181
$257 million (2008 est.)
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coffee, tea, hides, tin ore
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Kenya 33.88%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 13.56%, Thailand 6.22%, China 5.49%, US 5.47%, Swaziland 5.43%, Belgium 5.19% (2009)
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$867 million (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 174
$880 million (2008 est.)
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foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material
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Kenya 16.53%, Uganda 14.92%, China 7.92%, UAE 6.89%, Belgium 5.54%, Germany 5.19%, Tanzania 4.81%, Sweden 4% (2009)
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$742.7 million (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 134
$596.3 million (31 December 2008 est.)
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$NA
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Rwandan francs (RWF) per US dollar - 568.75 (2009), 550 (2008), 585 (2007), 560 (2006), 610 (2005)
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