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This small, stable, high-income economy - benefiting from its proximity to France, Belgium, and Germany - has historically featured solid growth, low inflation, and low unemployment. The industrial sector, initially dominated by steel, has become increasingly diversified to include chemicals, rubber, and other products. Growth in the financial sector, which now accounts for about 28% of GDP, has more than compensated for the decline in steel. Most banks are foreign owned and have extensive foreign dealings. The economy depends on foreign and cross-border workers for about 60% of its labor force. Luxembourg, like all EU members, suffered from the global economic crisis that began in late 2008. Following strong expansion from 2004 to 2007, Luxembourg's economy contracted 0.9% in 2008 and 3.9% in 2009. Nonetheless, the country continues to enjoy an extraordinarily high standard of living - GDP per capita ranks third in the world, after Liechtenstein and Qatar, and is the highest in the EU. Turmoil in the world financial markets and lower global demand during 2008-09 prompted the government to inject capital into the banking sector and implement stimulus measures to boost the economy. Government stimulus measures and support for the banking sector, however, led to a 5% government budget deficit in 2009.
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$39.14 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 97
$40.52 billion (2008 est.)
$40.51 billion (2007 est.)
note:
data are in 2009 US dollars
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$51.74 billion (2009 est.)
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-3.4% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 172
0% (2008 est.)
6.5% (2007 est.)
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$79,600 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 3
$83,400 (2008 est.)
$84,300 (2007 est.)
note:
data are in 2009 US dollars
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agriculture: 0.4%
industry:
13.6%
services:
86% (2007 est.)
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205,000 of whom 125,400 are foreign cross-border workers commuting primarily from France, Belgium, and Germany (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 167
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agriculture: 2.2%
industry:
17.2%
services:
80.6% (2007 est.)
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5.9% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
4.4% (2008 est.)
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NA%
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lowest 10%: 3.5%
highest 10%:
23.8% (2000)
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26 (2005)
country comparison to the world: 132
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17.4% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 119
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revenues: $21.09 billion
expenditures:
$21.67 billion (2009 est.)
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14.9% of GDP (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 115
8% of GDP (2008 est.)
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0.4% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35
3.4% (2008 est.)
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3% (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 97
5% (31 December 2007)
note:
this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area
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$NA
note:
see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 16 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money and quasi money circulating within their own borders
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$NA
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$369.6 billion (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 23
$100.9 billion (31 December 2007)
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$NA (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 46
$66.46 billion (31 December 2008)
$166.1 billion (31 December 2007)
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grapes, barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits; dairy and livestock products
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banking and financial services, iron and steel, information technology, telecommunications, cargo transportation, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum, tourism
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1.7% (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
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2.696 billion kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127
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6.525 billion kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 102
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2.483 billion kWh (2008 est.)
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6.83 billion kWh (2008 est.)
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0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 149
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50,720 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 97
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168 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 135
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60,030 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
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0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 144
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 163
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1.268 billion cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 86
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 161
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1.263 billion cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
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0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 164
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$9.351 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 21
$3.176 billion (2008 est.)
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$14.18 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 74
$21.43 billion (2008 est.)
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machinery and equipment, steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass
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Germany 19.78%, France 15.87%, Belgium 11.07%, UK 7.96%, Italy 7.49%, Netherlands 4.31% (2009)
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$18.12 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71
$27.72 billion (2008 est.)
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minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods
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Belgium 27.22%, Germany 23.14%, China 18.62%, France 8.85%, Netherlands 5.06% (2009)
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$810 million (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
$397.8 million (31 December 2008 est.)
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$1.994 trillion (30 June 2009)
country comparison to the world: 9
$2.02 trillion (31 December 2008)
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$NA (31 December 2009 est.)
$11.21 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
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$NA
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euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7338 (2009), 0.6827 (2008), 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005)
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