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The economy, one of the world's smallest and least developed, is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than 60% of the population. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links and dependence on India's financial assistance. The industrial sector is technologically backward, with most production of the cottage industry type. Most development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian migrant labor. Model education, social, and environment programs are underway with support from multilateral development organizations. Each economic program takes into account the government's desire to protect the country's environment and cultural traditions. For example, the government, in its cautious expansion of the tourist sector, encourages visits by upscale, environmentally conscientious tourists. Detailed controls and uncertain policies in areas such as industrial licensing, trade, labor, and finance continue to hamper foreign investment. Hydropower exports to India have boosted Bhutan's overall growth. New hydropower projects will be the driving force behind Bhutan's ability to create employment and sustain growth in the coming years.
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$3.257 billion (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 170
$3.081 billion (2008 est.)
$2.999 billion (2007 est.)
note:
data are in 2009 US dollars
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$1.269 billion (2009 est.)
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5.7% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 20
2.7% (2008 est.)
9.8% (2007 est.)
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$4,700 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 145
$4,500 (2008 est.)
$4,500 (2007 est.)
note:
data are in 2009 US dollars
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agriculture: 22.3%
industry:
37.9%
services:
39.8% (2006)
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299,900
country comparison to the world: 164
note:
major shortage of skilled labor (2008)
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agriculture: 63%
industry:
6%
services:
31% (2004 est.)
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4% (2009)
country comparison to the world: 34
2.5% (2004)
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23.2% (2008)
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lowest 10%: 2.3%
highest 10%:
37.6%
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revenues: $302 million
expenditures:
$588 million
note:
the government of India finances nearly three-fifths of Bhutan's budget expenditures (FY09/10)
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57.8% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 35
81.4% of GDP (2004)
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8% (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 181
4.9% (2007 est.)
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NA%
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NA% (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 58
14% (31 December 2007)
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$NA (31 December 2008)
$381.1 million (31 December 2007)
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$NA (31 December 2008)
$220.3 million (31 December 2007)
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$NA (31 December 2008)
$169.9 million (31 December 2007)
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$NA
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rice, corn, root crops, citrus, foodgrains; dairy products, eggs
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cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide, tourism
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NA%
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1.48 billion kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 140
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184 million kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 179
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1.296 billion kWh (2009 est.)
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0 kWh (2009 est.)
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0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118
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1,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 191
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0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 142
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1,250 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 184
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0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 200
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 203
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 205
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80
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0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 199
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$164 million (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
$116 million (2007 est.)
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$513 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 166
$350 million (2006)
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electricity (to India), ferrosilicon, cement, calcium carbide, copper wire, manganese, vegetable oil
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India 86.3%, Bangladesh 8.1%, Italy 1.5% (2008)
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$533 million (2008)
country comparison to the world: 187
$320 million (2006)
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fuel and lubricants, passenger cars, machinery and parts, fabrics, rice (2008)
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India 63%, Japan 12.3%, China 5.1% (2008)
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$836 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 151
$713.3 million (2006)
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ngultrum (BTN) per US dollar - 46.6 (2009), 41.487 (2007), 45.279 (2006), 44.101 (2005), 45.317 (2004)
note:
the ngultrum is pegged to the Indian rupee
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